Der Plusquamperfekt (past perfect)
Testen Sie Ihr WissenFunktionsweisen des Plusquamperfekt
Der Plusquamperfekt (past perfect) bezieht sich auf eine Handlung, die vor einer anderen Handlung in der Vergangenheit stattfand. Es ist für die Satzstellung nicht wichtig, welches Ereignis als erstes erwähnt wird, durch die Zeitform erschliesst sich, was zuerst geschah.
In diesen Beispielen passiert Ereignis A vor Ereignis B:
| Ereignis A | Ereignis B |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| Ereignis A | Ereignis B |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| Ereignis B | Ereignis A |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| Ereignis B | Ereignis A |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
De Bildung des 'past perfect'
Das 'Past Perfect' im Englischen wird aus zwei Teilen gebildet: die Vergangenheitsform von to have (had) + das Partizip Perfekt des Hauptverbs.
| Subjekt | had | Partizip Perfekt |
|---|---|---|
| Bejahend | ||
| She | had | given. |
| Verneinend | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| Frage | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| Negative Frage | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
To decide, past perfect
| Bejahend | Verneinend | Frage |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
Past perfect + just
'Just' wird mit dem 'past perfect' verwendet um darauf hinzuweisen, daß ein Ereignis nur kurz vorher geschehen ist. z.B.:
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.